The Extension Indian Reservation Program (EIRP) was authorized by the 1990 Farm Bill (P.L. 101-64). This measure directed that the "Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Extension Service, shall establish appropriate extension education programs on Indian reservations and tribal jurisdictions." The legislation specified consultation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Intertribal Agriculture Council, and the Southwest Indian Agriculture Association in establishing these extension programs.

Extension Indian Reservation Program funding has enabled the University of Arizona to hire Cooperative Extension agents on the Colorado River Indian Tribes, Hopi and San Carlos Apache Indian reservations, Hualapai and Havasupai reservations. It has also allowed the University of Arizona to join with New Mexico State University and Utah State University in a consortium to hire and place two Cooperative Extension agents on the Navajo Nation. Presently there are requests and needs for at least ten more Cooperative Extension agents to be placed on Arizona Indian Reservations.